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"Local Peacebuilding and National Peace is a collection of essays that examines the effects of local peacebuilding efforts on national peace initiatives. The book looks at violent and protracted struggles in which local people have sought to make their own peace with local combatants in a variety of ways, and how such initiatives have affected and have been affected by national level strategies. Chapters on theories of local and national peacemaking are combined with chapters on recent efforts to carry out such processes in warn torn societies such as Africa, Asia, and South America, with essays contributed by experts who were actually actively involved in the peacemaking process. With its unique focus on the interaction of peacemaking at local and national levels, the book will fill a gap in the literature. It will be of interest to students and researchers in such fields as peace studies, conflict resolution, international relations, postwar recovery and development." -- Publisher's website

Williamson (1965) argued that catching up countries experiencing strong national growth tend also to see a widening in regional disparities, whereas in more developed economies strong national growth and falling regional disparities could go hand in hand. We find some evidence of a trade-off between national growth and regional dispersion in the EU's Cohesion countries, notably in Spain and Ireland. We also find some evidence of spread effects in some richer EU Member States, although no inevitable link between lower regional disparities and stronger national growth. The potential policy implications of this analysis are also examined.

This article analyses the extent of international involvement in Malawi's electoral processes. It places international support for elections within the general category of support for democracy, documenting the extent and manner in which Malawi's elections are financed in part by the international community. Although progress has been made with regard to improving many aspects of the electoral process, many long-term objectives of strengthening the capacity of the Malawi electoral commission have not been reached. The article also offers some possible explanations why-in spite of extensive external financial support, combined with the donor's signalling of its importance-democratic progress has been limited, and even to some extent has regressed. Although Malawi depends on the international community, the donors also face the problem of 'sunk cost', they have multiple and partly competing objectives for development assistance and there is competition for influence. The Malawian authorities therefore do not face a cohesive donor community with one set of priorities. Adapted from the source document.

Relevance. Issues of discussion of international and national law have acquired particular relevance in the light of constitutional changes, occurred in 2020 in the Russian Federation. The primacy of national law, enshrined at the level of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, has significantly changed the interaction between the national and international legal order. At the same time, the sphere of freedom of conscience (religion) is one of the most important areas of legal regulation, which has both national and international legal aspects, which determines the relevance of the chosen research goal. The Purpose of the study is to analyze international legal and domestic regulation in the sphere of ensuring the right to freedom of conscience (religion), as well as to identify and resolve urgent problems of interaction of systemic law in the context of the right to freedom of conscience. The research objectives are: 1) determination of the place of the right to freedom of conscience (religion) in the system of international and national legal regulation, in particular, analysis of the concepts of "absolute law", "jus cogens", "general international law"; 2) consideration of the issue of the boundaries of freedom of religion in the understanding of the national law of the Russian Federation and international law. As a result of the accomplishment of the task, it is proposed to identify the main differences in this issue between the domestic and international legal order, as well as to put forward proposals to eliminate this discrepancy. Methodology. The key tool was the method of comparative analysis, as well as system analysis. In the course of the study, the main acts of the current legislation of the Russian Federation in the field, the most important international legal acts, the works of prominent specialists in international and constitutional rights were analyzed, a study of law enforcement acts (the practice of the courts of the Russian Federation, the European Court of Human Rights) was carried out. Conclusions. As a result, original conclusions were obtained regarding the need for the doctrinal inclusion of norms on freedom of conscience (religion) in the system of international common law. The conclusion is made about the need for a more complete consideration of the position of international judicial bodies in the legislative movement of the boundaries of the right to freedom of conscience (religion).

AbstractObjectivesThis study is designed to understand the experiences of the recovery processes of people with schizophrenia and their parents and to explore the connections between the processes of the different family members.BackgroundThere is extensive evidence in the professional literature that understanding the recovery process of individuals with schizophrenia must include all family members. However, there is a gap in the knowledge regarding the way family members experience both their individual process and its connection to the processes other family members undergo.MethodThis research employed qualitative methodology in which 15 families were interviewed through semistructured interviews (i.e., 15 adult individuals with schizophrenia and their parents). Thematic individual, dyadic, and triadic levels analysis were employed.FindingsTwo main themes emerged: elements of the recovery processes of family members that led toward family recovery and connections among the recovery processes of family members.ConclusionIn spite of the predominance of the pharmacological paradigm in the area of mental health, the family still plays an important role in the recovery process, which is a systemic process involving all family members. As a result, every family member undergoes some processes that contribute to recovery of the others and of the entire system.ImplicationsThe characteristics of the family system interactions during the recovery process should be taken into account in understanding and providing interventions for people with schizophrenia, and should be integrated into all types of interventions provided to these families.